Vietnamese cuisine is renowned for its rich and diverse flavors, and one of the most iconic dishes that beautifully represents the country’s culinary heritage is Banh Chung, also known as Chung cake or square rice cake.
History and Legend
The origin of Banh Chung can be traced back to the Hong Bang Dynasty, during the reign of the 6th Hung Emperor. Legend has it that the aging emperor wanted to find a worthy successor to his throne. To determine the most deserving candidate amongst his 21 sons, he organized a cooking contest. The prince who could satisfy his discerning taste buds would be declared the winner.
While most of the princes embarked on journeys to find exotic and rare delicacies, one prince named Lang Lieu took a different approach. Being the 18th son and the poorest, he lacked the means to seek out extravagant ingredients. Instead, he stayed close to home. In a stroke of fortune, Lang Lieu received guidance from a fairy in his dream. Inspired by the dream, he created two types of cakes: Banh Chung and Banh Day. On the day when all the princes presented their elaborate dishes, Lang Lieu and his wife presented these humble cakes to the emperor.
While others ridiculed Lieu’s simple cakes, the Hung Emperor was immensely impressed by their unique flavors. Intrigued, he questioned Lieu about the symbolism behind his creations. Lieu explained that he molded the glutinous rice into a round cake called Banh Day, representing the sky, and a square cake called Banh Chung, symbolizing the earth. Captivated by the significance and taste of these cakes, the emperor declared Lieu as the winner and passed his throne to him. Since that historic day, Banh Chung and Banh Day have become traditional delicacies enjoyed during the Tet holiday.
Banh Chung Today
Banh Chung can be enjoyed as is or fried to make Banh Chung Ran, a mouthwatering variation especially popular during the cold month of February in Vietnam. In the southern part of the country, there is another version called Banh Tet, which is cylindrical in shape and made with the same ingredients. Another variation, known as Banh Tay or Long Banh Chung, is predominantly served in the northern regions. This variant, made with mung beans and minimal or no pork, can be preserved for longer periods. Additionally, there are various other regional and religious variations of Banh Chung, such as Banh Chung Gu (Humped Banh Chung) enjoyed by the San Diu people, Banh Chung Chay (Vegetarian Banh Chung) preferred by vegetarians and Buddhists, and Banh Chung Ngot (Sweetened Banh Chung), to name a few.
Fried Chung Cake
Fried Chung Cake is a popular variation of the traditional Vietnamese Square Cake. While the process of making Banh Chung has traditionally been an occasion for Vietnamese families to come together, unfortunately, this heartwarming tradition has diminished over time. Nevertheless, Banh Chung remains an irreplaceable dish on the ancestral altars during the Tet celebration. It symbolizes the Vietnamese people’s loyalty and deep gratitude towards their ancestors.
To emphasize the cultural significance of Banh Chung, there is a well-known poem dedicated to it:
Rich meats, Salty onions, red couplets
Nêu tree, firecracker, green banh chung.Banh Chung holds a special place in Vietnamese hearts, and its popularity continues to grow. The combination of sticky rice, mung beans, and pork, all wrapped in fragrant banana leaves, creates a harmonious blend of flavors that is truly unique.
For more fascinating reads about Vietnam and its vibrant cuisine, visit the Travel Guide. Experience the rich traditions and delights of Vietnamese culture through its delectable dishes, including the beloved Banh Chung.